Word Choice Reluctant vs. Reticent

Word Choice Reluctant vs. Reticent Word Choice: Reluctant vs. Reticent â€Å"Reluctant† and â€Å"reticent† are both adjectives that mean â€Å"unwilling.† They also look similar written down, so it’s no wonder people use these terms interchangeably. But there is a difference between â€Å"reluctant† and â€Å"reticent,† so check out our guide to make sure you can use them correctly. Reluctant (Unwilling or Slow to Do Something) To be â€Å"reluctant† is to be unwilling or hesitant to do something. For example: I was reluctant to leave before the fireworks. You can use this term in any situation where someone is resistant to something, so it has a wide range of possible uses. This flexibility is reflected in the origins of this term, which comes from a Latin word meaning â€Å"struggle.† As such, if we are struggling to bring ourselves to do anything, we can say we feel â€Å"reluctant† about it. Reticent (Unwilling to Speak) While â€Å"reticent† also implies being unwilling or hesitant about something, it applies specifically to speaking or revealing our thoughts and feelings: Tom was reticent about why he left the party. Here, we’re not saying that Tom was â€Å"reluctant† to leave a party. We’re saying he was unwilling to tell us why he left the party. We can also use â€Å"reticent† to describe someone’s character in general: Hannah has been reticent for as long as I’ve known her. Even in this case, though, the word â€Å"reticent† suggests that Hannah is quiet and reserved in particular. It does not mean she is â€Å"unwilling† in other ways. And we would not use reluctant to describe a personal trait like this. Again, looking at the origins of this word can help us understand how it is used in modern English: â€Å"reticent† comes from reticere, which means â€Å"silent† in Latin. Thus, if we are â€Å"reticent,† we are being quiet about something. Reluctant or Reticent? Although some now use â€Å"reticent† to mean â€Å"unwilling† in any context, it would be a mistake to do this in formal writing. So to avoid errors, remember that â€Å"reticent† has a more specific meaning than â€Å"reluctant†: To be reluctant is to be unwilling to do something. To be reticent is to be unwilling to speak or reveal your thoughts. If you can remember this distinction, you should be able to use these terms correctly. But if you want to be extra sure that your writing is error free, you can also submit a document to our outstanding proofreading service.

Washington Irving, Father of the American Short Story

Washington Irving, Father of the American Short Story Washington Irving (April 3, 1783–November 28, 1859) was a writer, essayist, historian, biographer, and diplomat most famous for the short stories Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. These works were both a part of The Sketch Book, the collection of short stories that won him international recognition. Washington Irving has been called the father of the American short story because of his early and unique contributions to the form. Fast Facts: Washington Irving Known For:  Father of the American short story, biographer, historian, diplomatAlso Known As:  Dietrich Knickerbocker, Jonathan Oldstyle, and Geoffrey CrayonBorn:  April 3, 1783 in New York CityParents: William Irving and Sarah SandersDied:  November 28, 1859 in Tarrytown, New YorkEducation: Elementary school, law schoolPublished Works:  A History of New York, The Sketch Book (including the stories Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow), Bracebridge Hall, The Alhambra, The Life of George WashingtonFiancà ©e: Matilda HoffmannNotable Quote: There is a certain relief in change, even though it be from bad to worse; as I have found in travelling in a stage-coach, that it is often a comfort to shift ones position and be bruised in a new place. Early Life and Education Washington Irving was born on April 3, 1783, in New York City. His father William was a Scottish-American merchant, and his mother Sarah Sanders was the daughter of an English clergyman. At the time of his birth, the American Revolution was just ending. His parents were patriotic. His mother said upon the birth of her 11th child,[General] Washingtons work is ended and the child shall be named after him. According to Irving biographer Mary Weatherspoon Bowden, Irving maintained close ties with his family his entire life. Washington Irving read a great deal as a boy, including  Robinson Crusoe, Sinbad the Sailor, and The World Displayed. His formal education consisted of elementary school until he was 16, where he performed without distinction. Early Writing Career Irving began writing when he was 19 as a journalist using the pseudonym Jonathan Oldstyle.  As a reporter for his brother Peter’s newspaper The Morning Chronicle, he covered Aaron Burr’s treason trial. Irving traveled widely in Europe from 1804 to 1806 on a grand tour, paid for by his family. After returning, using the pseudonym Dietrich Knickerbocker, Irving published the 1809 comic history of Dutch life in New York, A History of New York. Some literary scholars consider this work of burlesque fiction to be his greatest book. He then studied law and he passed the bar in 1807. Engagement Washington Irving was engaged to marry Matilda Hoffmann, the daughter of a prominent local family. She died of consumption on April 26, 1809, at the age of 17. Irving never became engaged or married anyone after the tragedy. This loss indeed scarred his life. In response to an inquiry about why he had never married, Irving wrote in a letter, saying: For years I could not talk on the subject of this hopeless regret; I could not even mention her name, but her image was continually before me, and I dreamt of her incessantly. Europe and Literary Acclaim Irving returned to Europe in 1815 and lived there for 17 years. In 1820, he published  The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent, a collection of stories including his best-known works,  Rip Van Winkle  and  The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. These stories are thought to be the first examples of the genre of the short story, and they are both gothic and humorous. The Sketch-Book was a milestone in American literary history because it was the first piece of American writing to garner European recognition. James Fenimore Cooper was the only other contemporary American writer to receive international acclaim. Later in his life, Irving would encourage the careers of great American authors Nathaniel Hawthorne,  Edgar Allen Poe,  and  Herman Melville. In 1832 while living in Spain, Irving published Alhambra, which described the history and stories of Moorish Spain. After a few years back in the United States, Irving returned to Spain, serving as the U.S. minister to Spain from 1842–1845 under President John Tyler. Other Writing Irving returned to the United States in 1846 and moved back to his home of Sunnyside in Tarrytown, New York.  In his later years, he wrote less fiction. His works include essays, poetry, travel writing, and biography. Over his lifetime, he published biographies of poet Oliver Goldsmith, the prophet Muhammad, and Christopher Columbus. Irvings contributions to the American idiom include coining the word â€Å"Gotham† as a nickname for New York City. Irving was also the first to use the phrase â€Å"the almighty dollar.†Ã‚   Later Years and Death With his popularity high, Irving kept up with work and correspondence into his 70s. He completed his five-volume biography of his namesake George Washington only eight months before his death. Washington Irving died of a heart attack in Tarrytown, New York on November 28, 1859. He seemed to foretell his death, as he said before going to bed: Well, I must arrange my pillows for another weary night! If this could only end! Irving was, fittingly, buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery. Legacy American literary scholar Fred Lewis Pattee summarized Irvings contributions as follows: He made short fiction popular; stripped the prose tale of its didactic elements and made it a literary form solely for entertainment; added richness of atmosphere and unity of tone; added definite locality and actual American scenery and people; brought a peculiar nicety of execution and patient workmanship; added humor and lightness of touch; was original; created characters who are always definite individuals; and endowed the short story with a style that is finished and beautiful. In 1940, Irving was the first author to be featured on the â€Å"Famous Americans† series stamps.   Sources â€Å"Concerning Washington Irving.†Ã‚  The Washington Irving Inn, 9 May 2019.Gallagher, Edward J.  Background: Irving the Historian.â€Å"Washington Irving.†Ã‚  Short Stories and Classic Literature.Weatherspoon Bowden, Mary. Washington Irving. Macmillan Publishing Company, Incorporated, 1981.